PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian						41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan				56
		Selandian						59.2
		Danian						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian						72.1
		Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						100.5
		Aptian						113
		Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
		Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian						168.2
		Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
		Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian					259.51
		Wordian	Midian					264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian					273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian					279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian					283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian					286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian			477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
								485.4