PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Ammonite Chrons of North America
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian		Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian			Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Gashatan									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras			168.2
		Bajocian								Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
		Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
										Planulata			179.3 *
										Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
										Kanense			181.3 *
										Carlottense			182.3 *
										Kunae			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian								Kunae			184.2
										Freboldi			185.1 *
										Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
										Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
										Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
										Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian								Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian					Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian	Midian					Wordian					264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian					Wordian					266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian					Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian					Leonardian	Cathedralian				273.01
			Bolorian						Cathedralian				279.8
									Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
			Yakhtashian										286
			Yakhtashian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian						Lenoxian				290.1
		Asselian	Asselian			Bursumian †	Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian			298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian				Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian			315.2	Atokan
		Bashkirian		Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chesterian	323.2
		Visean		Chesterian	330.9
				Meramecian	335.8 *
				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian		Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian	358.9
					Middle Famennian	365.3 *
					Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian	383.7 *
					Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian				Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan				Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4				Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Dyeran				514
						Montezuman				514.8 *
						Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8