PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian Epochs	Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian										Pannonian	7.246
		Serravallian										Sarmatian	11.63
		Serravallian										Badenian	12.8 *
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Senonian		66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Gallic		100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian									Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Meishanian								251.902
		Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Baoqingian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Laoshanian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Laibinian								257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Lengwuan								259.51
		Wordian	Midian		Kuhfengian								264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian										266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian		Luodianian								273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian										279.8
		Artinskian											283.5
					Longlinian								285.4 *
			Yakhtashian										286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Asselian		Zisongian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian								298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian		Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani		433.4
		Telychian		Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Tremadocian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10					Payntonian				486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian				489.5
								Aksaian			490.7 *
								Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian					Idamean				494
		Paibian					Idamean			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Middle Cambrian	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			497
							Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
							Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Undillan				500.5
		Drumian					Floran				503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4				Early Cambrian					509
								Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
								Toyonian			510.8 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
													538.8