PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian Subages	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan								150
								Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian				Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian				Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian				Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian				Warepan								208.5
								Otamitan								217
								Oretian								221
				Carnian				Oretian								227
				Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian				Etalian								238
				Anisian				Etalian								242
				Anisian				Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian				Nelsonian								249
				Induan				Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan			DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian			Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian	Dorashamian			Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Waiitian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Puruhauan								254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian		Aparima	Flettian								259.51
				Wordian				Flettian								264.28
								Barettian								266
					Murgabian											266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian											273.01
					Kubergandian			Mangapirian								276
					Bolorian											279.8
				Artinskian												283.5
								Telfordian								285
					Yakhtashian			Telfordian								286
					Yakhtashian											288.5
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian	Asselian											293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												298.9
				Kasimovian												303.7
				Moscovian												307
				Bashkirian												315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												323.2
				Visean												330.9
				Tournaisian												346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
						Middle Famennian										365.3 *
						Early Famennian										368.5 *
				Frasnian		Late Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
						Middle Frasnian										375.4 *
						Early Frasnian										379.3 *
			Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian									Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian										383.7 *
						Early Givetian										385.9 *
Eifelian				Late Eifelian		Eifelian			387.7
Eifelian				Early Eifelian		Eifelian			390.3 *
Early Devonian			Emsian	Late Emsian		Emsian			393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian		Emsian			398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian		Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
			Tremadocian							477.7
			Tremadocian							Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10							Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian							Iverian				489.5
											Aksaian			490.7 *
											Sakian			492.2 *
	Paibian		Idamean							494
	Paibian		Idamean							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan							Ayusokkanian			497
			Boomerangian							Ayusokkanian			499
			Boomerangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian	Undillan										500.5
		Drumian	Floran										503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian										507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
										Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
										Toyonian			510.8 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian			514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian	521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian	525.5
		Fortunian					Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian									Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau		1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan		1375
																1400