PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian					Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian					Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian					Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
				Bartonian						MP 16						37.71
				Lutetian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
				Ypresian						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan									150
							Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian			Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian			Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian			Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian			Warepan									208.5
							Otamitan									217
							Oretian									221
				Carnian			Oretian									227
				Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian			Etalian									238
				Anisian			Etalian									242
				Anisian			Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian			Nelsonian									249
				Induan			Nelsonian									251.2
				Induan		DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Makarewan									251.902
				Changhsingian	Dorashamian		Waiitian									253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Waiitian								Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian		Puruhauan								Zechstein	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian								Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian			Flettian									264.28
							Barettian									266
Murgabian					266.2 *
Murgabian				Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
				Kubergandian	Mangapirian		276
				Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian				Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian			285
				Yakhtashian	Telfordian			286
				Yakhtashian				288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian	Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian				298.9
			Kasimovian					Missourian				303.7
			Kasimovian					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian		307
			Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan		312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean				Middle Mississippian	Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani	433.4
			Telychian							Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
	Paibian		494									Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian								Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian									500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan									504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran									506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran								Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran									514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		1200	Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400