PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of North America				Central Paratethys Stages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran													0
				Northgrippian																0.0042
				Greenlandian																0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																0.0117
				Chibanian																0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian													0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian													0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan													1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan													1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian													2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian					Tertiary †								2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian													3
				Zanclean			Waipipian													3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian													3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean													5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan													7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan												Pannonian	7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan												Pannonian	11.04
				Serravallian															Sarmatian	11.63
																			Badenian	12.8 *
							Lillburnian												Badenian	13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian													13.82
							Clifdenian													15.1
						Pareora	Altonian													15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian													15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian													18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian													20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian													21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian													23.03
							Duntroonian													25.2
							Whaingaroan													27.3
				Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
						Arnold	Runangan													34.6
							Kaiatan													36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan													37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian													39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian													41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan													42.6
							Heretaungan													45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan													47.8
							Mangaorapan													48.9
							Waipawan													52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian													56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian													66
				Campanian			Haumurian													72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan													83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan													86.1
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
							Mangaotanean													90.5
							Arowhanan													93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan													93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian													95.2
							Motuan													99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan													100.5
							Urutawan													103.3
						Taitai	Korangan													108.4
				Aptian			Korangan													113
				Aptian																117.5
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
			Induan		251.2
			Induan		Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai	Dorashamian		251.902
								252.4 *
					Chhidru			252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian		Chhidru	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †	254.14
					Kalabagh				255 *
					Wargal				256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian			Midian			259.51
			Wordian						264.28
									265.3 *
					Amb				266.1 *
						Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian						266.9
			Roadian						270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			273.01
			Kungurian			Bolorian			279.8
			Artinskian			Bolorian			283.5
			Artinskian			Yakhtashian			286
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Asselian			293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
									Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
									Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu			Lockportian	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian				Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian	438.5
				Alexandrian							438.7 *
							Raikkula				439.4 *
									Medinan	Clinton	440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru				441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian		Gamachian		443.8
			Katian								Gamachian		445.2
											Richmondian		446 *
											Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Edenian			450.4 *
									Mohawkian		Chatfieldian			451.1 *
			Sandbian								Chatfieldian			453
											Turinian			453.7 *
									Whiterockian				Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
			Dapingian												467.3
			Dapingian								Rangerian				469.1 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean						477.7
									Stairsian						480.3 *
									Skullrockian					Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian						485.4
		Stage 10							487.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †						497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian				Karatau											800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau											1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian											1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian											1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan											1375
																				1400