PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian of the Baltic	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Chibanian			Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian			Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian			Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian			Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian			Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Mangapanian								2.58
				Piacenzian			Waipipian								3
				Zanclean			Waipipian								3.6
				Zanclean			Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian		Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian			Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian			Tongaporutuan								7.246
				Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian			Waiauan								11.63
				Serravallian			Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian			Lillburnian								13.82
							Clifdenian								15.1
						Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian			Altonian								15.98
				Burdigalian			Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian			Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
							Duntroonian								25.2
							Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian									Kekeamuan		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
						Arnold	Runangan								34.6
							Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian			Kaiatan						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
				Bartonian			Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian			Bortonian								41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
							Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian			Heretaungan							Bumbanian	47.8
							Mangaorapan								48.9
							Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian						Gashatan		56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian								66
				Campanian			Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian			Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
							Mangaotanean								90.5
							Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian			Arowhanan								93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
							Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan								100.5
							Urutawan								103.3
						Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian			Korangan								113
				Aptian											117.5
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Asselian	293.52
			Asselian		Asselian	Kuzel		297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel		298.9
						Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian					Cantabrian	307
						Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
								Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
								Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
								Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
								Arnsbergian	324 *
								Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian			346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian			353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian	Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani			433.4
			Telychian	Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Hunjiang †		Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian							467.3
Early Ordovician		Floian	Yiyangian							470
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian							477.7
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian						Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635