PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Precambrian of Russia	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian								41.2
				Ypresian				Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan					56
				Selandian								59.2
				Danian								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								66
				Campanian								72.1
				Santonian								83.6
				Coniacian								86.3
				Turonian								89.8
				Cenomanian								93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian								100.5
				Aptian								113
				Barremian								121.4
				Hauterivian								125.77
				Valanginian								132.6
				Berriasian								139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								145
				Kimmeridgian								149.2
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Pliensbachian								184.2
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
				Norian								208.5
				Carnian								227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian								237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian								242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian								247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan								251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian							251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian							259.51
				Wordian	Midian							264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian							266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian							273.01
				Kungurian	Bolorian							279.8
				Artinskian	Bolorian							283.5
				Artinskian	Yakhtashian							286
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian							290.1
				Asselian	Asselian							293.52
				Asselian	Asselian				Kuzel			297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel			298.9
									Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
										Stephanian B		300.9 *
										Stephanian A		301.4 *
				Kasimovian						Stephanian A		303.7
				Kasimovian						Cantabrian		305 *
				Moscovian						Cantabrian		307
									Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
										Westphalian C		309.8
										Westphalian B		314.6
				Bashkirian						Westphalian B		315.2
										Westphalian A		317 *
Namurian						Yeadonian			318.8 *
						Marsdenian			320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
						Alportian			322 *
						Chokierian			323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian			323.2
						Arnsbergian		324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
	Paibian		494					Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian	Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran					514
			Montezuman					514.8 *
			Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian						635
		Tonian						720
		Tonian			Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau			1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan			1375
												1400