PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan				Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Late Pleistocene				Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian				Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian				Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian				Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian				Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian												1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												2.58
				Zanclean												3.6
				Zanclean				Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian												5.333
				Tortonian												7.246
				Tortonian				Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian				Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian				Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
				Rupelian												27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian				Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian				Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian				Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian				Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian				Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian				Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian				Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian				Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian				Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian				Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian				Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian				Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Pliensbachian												184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian	Midian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian	Murgabian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
			Roadian	Murgabian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian		273.01
			Kungurian	Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian	Bolorian		283.5
			Artinskian	Yakhtashian		286
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian	Asselian		Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko		Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec		Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian			427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian			433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian										Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian									Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan									Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan									Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
			Stage 4									Dyeran		511 *
			Stage 3									Dyeran		514
												Montezuman		514.8 *
Begadean												519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian			Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau								1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan								1375
																1400