PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	European Faunal Zones	Cambrian of China		Permian of China	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian			MN 17								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16								2.58
		Piacenzian			MN 15								3.2
		Zanclean			MN 15								3.6
					MN 14								4.2
					MN 13								4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			MN 13								5.333
		Tortonian			MN 12								7.246
					MN 11								7.75
					MN 10								8.7
					MN 9								9.7
					MN 7 + 8								11.1
		Serravallian			MN 7 + 8								11.63
		Serravallian			MN 6								12.8 *
		Langhian			MN 5								13.82
		Burdigalian			MN 4								15.98
					MN 3								16.9
					MN 2								20
		Aquitanian			MN 2								20.44
		Aquitanian			MN 1								22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian					Meishanian					251.902
		Changhsingian	Dorashamian					Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian					Laoshanian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian					Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian					Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian	Midian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	Luodianian		273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian			279.8
		Artinskian				283.5
				Longlinian		285.4 *
			Yakhtashian			286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian				300.1
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian				Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian	446 *
						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian		450.4 *
					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian				Chatfieldian		453
						Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Dapingian							467.3
		Dapingian				Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Tulean				477.7
						Stairsian				480.3 *
						Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Skullrockian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
		Stage 10					Niuchehean				487.5
		Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian					Paibian				494
		Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			497
		Guzhangian					Guzhangian				Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian					Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Branchian				Duyunian	509
		Stage 3					Branchian				Nangaoian	514
		Stage 3					Placentian				Nangaoian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian	530.7
													538.8