PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ordovician of China			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian									33.9
		Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan									37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian					Bumbanian								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan									56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian										Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
												Kawhia	Ohauan		150
													Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian											Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian										Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian											Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian											Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian											Warepan		208.5
													Otamitan		217
													Oretian		221
		Carnian											Oretian		227
		Carnian										Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian											Etalian		238
		Anisian											Etalian		242
		Anisian											Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian											Nelsonian		249
		Induan											Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan										DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian										Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Dorashamian										Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian										Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian										Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian									Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian											Flettian	Leine	264.28
													Barettian		266
			Murgabian												266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian												273.01
			Kubergandian										Mangapirian		276
			Bolorian												279.8
		Artinskian													283.5
				Telfordian	285
			Yakhtashian	Telfordian	286
			Yakhtashian					288.5
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	Ungurian	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
										Aksaian		490.7 *
										Sakian		492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Marjumian				Albertian †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan				Topazan					Tuesaian	504.5
						Topazan						505.3
						Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Waucoban †		509
											Toyonian	510 *
						Dyeran					Toyonian	511 *
											Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
						Montezuman						514.8 *
						Montezuman					Atdabanian	515.6 *
						Begadean					Atdabanian	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Tommotian	521
		Stage 2										525.5
		Fortunian										529
															538.8