PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Devonian of Germany	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian						Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian						Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian						Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian								254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian								259.51
		Wordian	Midian								264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian								283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	433.4
		Telychian				Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								489.5
							Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian			492.2 *
									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Topazan		504.5
								Topazan		505.3
								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †	509
							Toyonian			510 *
							Toyonian	Dyeran		511 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								514
								Montezuman		514.8 *
							Atdabanian	Montezuman		515.6 *
							Atdabanian	Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
											538.8