PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Precambrian of Russia	Permian of Western Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6						0
				Northgrippian											0.0042
				Greenlandian											0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
				Chibanian											0.129
				Calabrian											0.774
				Gelasian											1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											5.333
				Tortonian											7.246
				Serravallian					Cenozoic 5						11.63
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3						33.9
				Bartonian					Cenozoic 3						37.71
				Lutetian					Cenozoic 2						41.2
				Ypresian					Cenozoic 2						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1						56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8						66
				Campanian					Cretaceous 7						72.1
				Santonian					Cretaceous 6						83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Aptian					Cretaceous 3						113
				Barremian					Cretaceous 2						121.4
				Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2						125.77
				Valanginian					Cretaceous 1						132.6
				Berriasian					Cretaceous 1						139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6						145
				Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5						149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian					Jurassic 4						165.3
				Bajocian					Jurassic 4						168.2
				Aalenian					Jurassic 3						170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3						174.7
				Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2						184.2
				Sinemurian					Jurassic 1						192.9
				Hettangian					Jurassic 1						199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4						201.4
				Norian					Triassic 4						208.5
				Carnian					Triassic 3						227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2						237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2						242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1						247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1						251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian				Permian 4						251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Zechstein							254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			Rotliegendes							259.51
				Wordian	Midian										264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian										266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian				Permian 3						266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian				Permian 2						273.01
				Kungurian	Bolorian										279.8
				Artinskian	Bolorian			Autunian							283.5
				Artinskian	Yakhtashian										286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
			Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
			Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
			Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli					Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian				Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian						436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
			Aeronian				Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian				Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
			Katian			Bolindian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Eastonian				Kralodvorian		449 *
						Eastonian				Berounian		449.7 *
						Gisbornian						452 *
			Sandbian				Ordovician 4					453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Ordovician 3							458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian			Yapeenian	Ordovician 2				Klabava †			467.3
						Yapeenian				Arenigian				468
						Castlemainian								468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian								470
						Bendigonian								471.8 *
						Lancefieldian								473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian	Ordovician 1			Tremadocian				482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5							485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4							497
			Drumian				Cambrian 4							500.5
	Wuliuan		Cambrian 3				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
															1400