PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126884 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene							0.129
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene							0.774
		Gelasian								Early Pleistocene							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene							5.333
		Tortonian								Late Miocene							7.246
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene							11.63
		Langhian								Middle Miocene							13.82
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene							15.98
		Aquitanian								Early Miocene							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene							33.9
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene							37.71
		Lutetian								Middle Eocene							41.2
		Ypresian								Early Eocene							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene							56
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene							59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Senonian												66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Gallic												100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian			Neocomian												125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian														251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Zechstein											254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian			Zechstein	Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian			Rotliegendes		Severodvinian									259.51
		Wordian	Midian					Urzhumian									264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian					Urzhumian									266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian									266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian									270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian				Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian									273.01
			Kubergandian					Filipovian									276.5 *
			Bolorian					Filipovian									279.8
								Saraninian									280.1 *
		Artinskian				Autunian	Artinskian	Sarginian									283.5
				Irginian				285.9 *
			Yakhtashian	Irginian				286
			Yakhtashian	Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian						Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian						446 *
					Richmondian				Eastonian		449 *
					Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian							450.4 *
					Mohawkian					Chatfieldian		451.1 *
									Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian										453
										Turinian		453.7 *
					Whiterockian						Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian				458.4
		Dapingian							Yapeenian				467.3
									Castlemainian				468.5 *
									Castlemainian	Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian				Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Bendigonian									471.8 *
					Lancefieldian									473.5 *
										Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				477.7
										Stairsian				480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
					Warendian								Demingian †	482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10													Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian													Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian													Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian													Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan												Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan												Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8