PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Carboniferous of Western Europe		European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian								Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean								Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian								Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian								Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian								Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian								Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian								Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian								Agenian	20
				Aquitanian								Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
				Kimmeridgian									149.2
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Pliensbachian									184.2
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
				Norian									208.5
				Carnian									227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian									247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan									251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian								251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian								254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian								259.51
				Wordian	Midian								264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian								266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian								266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian								273.01
				Kungurian	Bolorian								279.8
				Artinskian	Bolorian								283.5
				Artinskian	Yakhtashian								286
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian								290.1
				Asselian	Asselian								293.52
				Asselian	Asselian					Kuzel			297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Kuzel			298.9
Stephanian						Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
				Kasimovian		Stephanian A	303.7
				Kasimovian		Cantabrian	305 *
				Moscovian		Cantabrian	307
Westphalian						Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
				Bashkirian		Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
Namurian						Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian			346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
	Arenigian		Dapingian				468
	Arenigian	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Tremadocian	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400