PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Precambrian of Russia	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Wanganui	Haweran	0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian									Castlecliffian	0.34
				Calabrian									Castlecliffian	0.774
				Calabrian									Nukumaruan	1.63
				Gelasian									Nukumaruan	1.8
				Gelasian									Mangapanian	2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Mangapanian	2.58
				Piacenzian									Waipipian	3
				Zanclean									Waipipian	3.6
				Zanclean									Opoitian	3.7
			Miocene	Messinian								Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
				Messinian									Tongaporutuan	7.2
				Tortonian									Tongaporutuan	7.246
				Tortonian								Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				Serravallian									Waiauan	11.63
				Serravallian									Lillburnian	13.05
				Langhian									Lillburnian	13.82
													Clifdenian	15.1
												Pareora	Altonian	15.9
				Burdigalian									Altonian	15.98
				Burdigalian									Otaian	18.7
				Aquitanian									Otaian	20.44
				Aquitanian								Landon	Waitakian	21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Waitakian	23.03
													Duntroonian	25.2
													Whaingaroan	27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
												Arnold	Runangan	34.6
													Kaiatan	36.7
				Bartonian									Kaiatan	37.71
				Bartonian									Bortonian	39.1
				Lutetian									Bortonian	41.2
												Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
													Heretaungan	45.7
				Ypresian									Heretaungan	47.8
													Mangaorapan	48.9
													Waipawan	52
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Teurian	56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Mata	Haumurian	66
				Campanian									Haumurian	72.1
				Santonian									Piripauan	83.6
				Santonian								Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
													Mangaotanean	90.5
													Arowhanan	93.7
				Cenomanian									Arowhanan	93.9
												Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
													Motuan	99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									Motuan	100.5
													Urutawan	103.3
												Taitai	Korangan	108.4
				Aptian									Korangan	113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Midian	264.28
			Wordian		Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian		Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian		Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian		Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian					Pirgu	445.2
								Vormsi	449.6 *
								Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
								Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †	453
								Haljala		453.9
								Kukruse		456.4 *
								Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku		458.4
								Lasnamagi		458.9 *
				Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland			Kunda	462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian				Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian				Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
								Latorp †		470.1 *
							Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian				Hunneberg			477.7
							Varangu			481.3 *
							Pakerort			482.2 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort			485.4
										486.3 *
										486.5
			Jiangshanian							489.5
			Paibian							494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
Drumian			500.5
Wuliuan			504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200						Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan						1375
														1400