PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian								Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean								Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian								Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian								Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian								Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian								Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian								Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian								Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian								Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian								Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian								Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian								Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian													251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian													254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian													259.51
				Wordian	Midian													264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian													266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian													266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian													273.01
				Kungurian	Bolorian													279.8
				Artinskian	Bolorian													283.5
				Artinskian	Yakhtashian													286
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian													290.1
				Asselian	Asselian													293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
Kasimovian				303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian		Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko		Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec		Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	Pragian			Siegen	407.6
			Pragian	Pragian		Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian		Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	445.2
										Vormsi	449.6 *
										Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
										Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila	Idavere †	453
										Haljala		453.9
										Kukruse		456.4 *
										Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku		458.4
										Lasnamagi		458.9 *
										Aseri		460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
										Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
											Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg			473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg			477.7
										Varangu			481.3 *
										Pakerort			482.2 *
													Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																486.3 *
																486.5
	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
	Paibian												494
	Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian												497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian												499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian												500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan												509
			Toyonian										Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian												512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian										515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian										521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian														Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian														Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian														Burzyan	1375
																		1400