PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cretaceous Subepochs
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Senonian	66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Gallic	100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian													Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian											Melekhovian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian									Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian						Tatarian	Vyatkian		Zechstein				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian							Severodvinian		Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian								Urzhumian						264.28
														Noginskian		264.9 *
			Murgabian													266.2 *
		Roadian							Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian							Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
										Filipovian						276.5 *
														Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
			Bolorian													279.8
										Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian				283.5
										Irginian						285.9 *
			Yakhtashian													286
														Rusavkinian		287.6 *
										Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian						Asselian	Shikhanian						293.52
										Uskalykian						294.8
										Surenian						297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
		Kasimovian												Dorogomilovian		303.7
														Khamovnikian		304.8
														Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian												Myachkovian		307
														Podolskian		308.9 *
														Kashirian		311.4 *
														Vereian		313.8
														Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian												Melekessian		315.2
				Cheremshanian	316.9 *
				Prikamian	318.6 *
				Severokeltmian	319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
				Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian	323.2
				Protvian	324.4 *
				Steshevian	326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	330.9
				Mikhailovian	331.9 *
				Aleksinian	333.7 *
				Tulian	335.8 *
				Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	346.7
				Kizelian	350.7 *
				Cherepetian	351.9 *
				Karakubian	354.4 *
				Upinian	356.3 *
				Malevkian	357.6 *
				Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Late Famennian		358.9
				Middle Famennian		365.3 *
				Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian		Late Frasnian		372.2
				Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
				Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Late Givetian		382.7
				Middle Givetian		383.7 *
				Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian		Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian		410.8
				Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian		Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani			433.4
		Telychian		Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula			440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian			Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan	445.2
									Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Berounian					Streffordian		449.7 *
									Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Aurelucian					456.8 *
										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
								Liben †		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
				Dobrotivian										458.5 *
				Oretanian										459.7 *
									Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
								Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †						467.3
				Arenigian										468
							Arenig		Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Fennian					470
									Whitlandian					471.1 *
									Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadocian				Tremadoc	Migneintian					477.7
								Tremadoc	Cressagian					480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Guzhangian			Arcadian									498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Branchian									509
		Stage 3			Branchian									514
		Stage 3			Placentian									517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8