PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Yushean		2.58
				Zanclean								Yushean		3.6
				Zanclean								Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian										5.333
				Tortonian										7.246
				Tortonian								Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian								Tunggurian		11.63
				Langhian								Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian								Shanwangian		15.98
				Burdigalian								Xiejiaan		16.9
				Aquitanian								Xiejiaan		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian									251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian									254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian									259.51
				Wordian	Midian									264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian									266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian									273.01
Bolorian				Kungurian	279.8
Bolorian				Artinskian	283.5
Yakhtashian				Artinskian	286
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
Asselian				Asselian	293.52
Asselian				Asselian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Moscovian			Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
			Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
							Dobrotivian				458.5 *
							Oretanian				459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
	Arenigian		Dapingian				468
	Arenigian	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Tremadocian	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran				514
				Montezuman				514.8 *
				Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											1000
		Ectasian											1200
		Calymmian											1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian											1600
		Orosirian											1800
		Rhyacian											2050
		Siderian											2300
Archean	Neoarchean												2500
	Mesoarchean												2800
	Paleoarchean												3200
	Eoarchean												3600
Hadean													4000
														4600