PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of North America			European Faunal Units	Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene							0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene							0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene							0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Villanyian			2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Ruscinian			3.1 *
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene				Ruscinian			3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				Turolian			5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian			7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian			8.7
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian			11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian			13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				Orleanian			15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian			20
				Aquitanian							Agenian			20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene							33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene							37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene							41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene							56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene							59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	Melekhovian								251.902
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian									254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian							Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian								Severodvinian	259.51
				Wordian									Urzhumian	264.28
						Noginskian								264.9 *
					Murgabian									266.2 *
				Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
				Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
Filipovian								276.5 *
						Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
					Bolorian			279.8
Saraninian								280.1 *
Artinskian				Artinskian				Sarginian	283.5
								Irginian	285.9 *
					Yakhtashian				286
						Rusavkinian			287.6 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
								Uskalykian		294.8
								Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			Missourian	303.7
						Khamovnikian				304.8
						Krevyakinian				305.8 *
						Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Myachkovian				307
						Podolskian				308.9 *
						Kashirian				311.4 *
						Kashirian			Atokan	312.7 *
						Vereian				313.8
						Melekessian	314.8
			Bashkirian			Melekessian	315.2
						Cheremshanian	316.9 *
						Cheremshanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
						Prikamian			318.6 *
						Severokeltmian			319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
						Voznesenian			321.9 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian	Chesterian		323.2
						Protvian			324.4 *
						Steshevian			326.8 *
						Tarusian			329 *
			Visean			Venevian			330.9
						Mikhailovian			331.9 *
						Aleksinian			333.7 *
						Tulian	Meramecian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian	Meramecian		339.9 *
						Bobrikian	Osagean		343.1 *
						Radaevkian			343.4 *
			Tournaisian			Kosvian			346.7
						Kizelian			350.7 *
						Cherepetian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
						Karakubian			354.4 *
						Upinian			356.3 *
						Malevkian			357.6 *
						Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian				365.3 *
							Early Famennian				368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian			Adorf	372.2
	Middle Frasnian						375.4 *
	Early Frasnian						379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian				Givetian			382.7
			Middle Givetian							383.7 *
			Early Givetian							385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian				Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian				Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian				Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian				Siegen			407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian				Gedinnine			410.8
			Middle Lochkovian							412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian							415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan								419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran								422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan								Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400