PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Devonian of France	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian				Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian				Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
				Bartonian				Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Lutetian											41.2
				Ypresian					Bumbanian						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian				Gashatan							56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
				Kimmeridgian											149.2
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Pliensbachian											184.2
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
				Norian											208.5
				Carnian											227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian					Buntsandstein					251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian					Buntsandstein				Zechstein	254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller				Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian	Midian	Wordian				Leine					264.28
				Wordian	Murgabian	Wordian				Leine					266.2 *
				Roadian	Murgabian	Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	Leonardian	Cathedralian								273.01
					Bolorian		Cathedralian								279.8
							Hessian								281.9 *
				Artinskian										Autunian	283.5
					Yakhtashian										286
					Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian								286.1 *
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Lenoxian								290.1
				Asselian	Asselian		Nealian								293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											298.9
				Kasimovian											303.7
				Moscovian											307
				Bashkirian											315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
				Visean											330.9
				Tournaisian											346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Famennian		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian									Frasnian		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian									Givetian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Couvinien		387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien							408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine							410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
			Paibian					Sakian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian	497
			Guzhangian						499.5
			Drumian					Zhanaarykian	500.5
			Drumian					Tuesaian	503
			Wuliuan					Tuesaian	504.5
			Wuliuan						505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4						509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
			Stage 3					Botomian	514
			Stage 3					Atdabanian	515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian	521
			Stage 2						525.5
			Fortunian						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
															635