International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Permian of the Pamirs | Ten Million Year Bins | Mammal Paleogene Zones | European Faunal Units | Carboniferous of North America | Silurian of England | Central Paratethys Stages | Devonian of Germany | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | |||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | 0.129 | ||||||||||||
Calabrian | 0.774 | ||||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Villanyian | 2.58 | |||||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | ||||||||||||
Zanclean | 3.6 | ||||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | 5.333 | ||||||||||
Tortonian | Pannonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | ||||||||||||
Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | Astaracian | Sarmatian | 11.63 | |||||||||
Badenian | 12.8 * | ||||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | 15.98 | |||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | ||||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | 33.9 | |||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | 56 | ||||||||
Selandian | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
Danian | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | 66 | |||||||||
Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | 72.1 | |||||||||||
Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | |||||||||||
Coniacian | 86.3 | ||||||||||||
Turonian | 89.8 | ||||||||||||
Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | |||||||||||
Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | ||||||||||
Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | |||||||||||
Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | |||||||||||
Hauterivian | 125.77 | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | |||||||||||
Berriasian | 139.8 | ||||||||||||
Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | |||||||||
Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | |||||||||||
Oxfordian | 154.8 | ||||||||||||
Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | |||||||||||
Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | |||||||||||
Bajocian | 168.2 | ||||||||||||
Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | |||||||||||
Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | |||||||||||
Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | |||||||||||
Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | |||||||||||
Hettangian | 199.5 | ||||||||||||
Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | |||||||||
Norian | 208.5 | ||||||||||||
Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | |||||||||||
Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | ||||||||||
Anisian | 242 | ||||||||||||
Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | ||||||||||
Induan | 251.2 | ||||||||||||
Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Dorashamian | Permian 4 | 251.902 | ||||||||
Wuchiapingian | Dzhulfian | 254.14 | |||||||||||
Guadalupian | Capitanian | Midian | 259.51 | ||||||||||
Wordian | 264.28 | ||||||||||||
Murgabian | 266.2 * | ||||||||||||
Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | |||||||||||
Cisuralian | Kungurian | Kubergandian | Permian 2 | 273.01 | |||||||||
Bolorian | 279.8 | ||||||||||||
Artinskian | 283.5 | ||||||||||||
Yakhtashian | 286 | ||||||||||||
Sakmarian | Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||||
Asselian | Asselian | Permian 1 | Bursumian † | 293.52 | |||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | Virgilian | 298.9 | ||||||||
Kasimovian | Missourian | 303.7 | |||||||||||
Desmoinesian | 305.9 * | ||||||||||||
Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | |||||||||||
Atokan | 312.7 * | ||||||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | ||||||||||||
Morrowan | 318.4 * | ||||||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | Chesterian | 323.2 | |||||||||
Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | |||||||||||
Meramecian | 335.8 * | ||||||||||||
Osagean | 343.1 * | ||||||||||||
Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | |||||||||||
Kinderhookian | 351.9 * | ||||||||||||
Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden | 358.9 | ||||||||
Frasnian | Devonian 4 | Adorf | 372.2 | ||||||||||
Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | Givetian | 382.7 | |||||||||
Eifelian | Eifelian | 387.7 | |||||||||||
Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | Emsian | 393.3 | |||||||||
Pragian | Devonian 1 | Siegen | 407.6 | ||||||||||
Lochkovian | Gedinnine | 410.8 | |||||||||||
Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle | Whitcliffe/Leintwardine | 419.2 | ||||||||
Bringewood/Elton | 421.3 | ||||||||||||
Ludlow | Ludfordian | Coalbrookdale | Wenlock (England)/Tickwood | 423 | |||||||||
Gorstian | 425.6 | ||||||||||||
Buildwas | 426.4 * | ||||||||||||
Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | |||||||||||
Wych | Woolhope | 428.4 * | |||||||||||
Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | ||||||||||||
Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | ||||||||||
436.3 * | |||||||||||||
Aeronian | 438.5 | ||||||||||||
Cowleigh Park | 439.3 * | ||||||||||||
Rhuddanian | 440.8 | ||||||||||||
Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | |||||||||
Katian | 445.2 | ||||||||||||
Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | |||||||||||
Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | ||||||||||
Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | |||||||||||
Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | |||||||||||
Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | |||||||||||
Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | 485.4 | |||||||||
Jiangshanian | 489.5 | ||||||||||||
Paibian | 494 | ||||||||||||
Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | 497 | ||||||||||
Drumian | 500.5 | ||||||||||||
Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | 504.5 | |||||||||||
Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | |||||||||||
Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | |||||||||||
Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | 521 | |||||||||||
Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | 529 | |||||||||||
538.8 |