PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of North America		Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian											Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian											Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †								Late Pliocene				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene				3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian											Late Miocene				7.246
		Serravallian											Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian											Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian											Early Miocene				15.98
		Aquitanian											Early Miocene				20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian											Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian											Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian											Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian											Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian											Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †											254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian		Longtanian †											256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian													259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian													264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian													266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian													270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian													273.01
				Filipovian													276.5 *
				Saraninian													280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian													283.5
				Irginian													285.9 *
				Burtsevian													287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
				Uskalykian			294.8
				Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
							Huashibanian	318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Southwoodian			387.7	Cazenovian
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Sawkillian/Deer Parkian			Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian									453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian							Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan					485.4
		Stage 10												Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian												Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian												Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian												Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4												Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3												Dyeran		514
														Montezuman		514.8 *
														Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2														521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian														529
																	538.8