PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of China		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Lujanian				Nihewanian						0.0117
				Chibanian			Lujanian										0.129
				Chibanian			Ensenadan										0.3 *
				Calabrian			Ensenadan										0.774
				Calabrian			Sanandresian	Uquian †									1.7 *
				Gelasian			Sanandresian										1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Vorohuean				Yushean					Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian			Chapadmalalan										2.9 *
				Zanclean			Chapadmalalan										3.6
							Montehermosan										3.7 *
							Huayquerian				Baodean						4.9 *
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
							Chasicoan										7.9 *
							Mayoan										9.9 *
							Laventan										10.9 *
											Tunggurian						11.1
				Serravallian													11.63
				Serravallian			Colloncuran										13.7 *
				Langhian			Colloncuran				Shanwangian						13.82
				Langhian			Friasian										15.4 *
				Burdigalian			Friasian										15.98
							Santacrucian										16.2 *
							Santacrucian				Xiejiaan						16.9
							Colhuehuapian										17.4 *
				Aquitanian			Colhuehuapian										20.44
				Aquitanian			Deseadan										20.9 *
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
				Rupelian			Tinguirirican										28.9 *
			Eocene	Priabonian			Tinguirirican										33.9
				Priabonian			Divisaderan										35.9 *
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Lutetian			Mustersan										41.9 *
				Ypresian			Mustersan										47.8
				Ypresian			Casamayoran										47.9 *
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Riochican										56
							Itaboraian										56.9 *
							Peligran										58.9 *
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
				Danian			Tiupampan										62.4 *
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
				Kimmeridgian													149.2
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Pliensbachian													184.2
Sinemurian				192.9
Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
			Norian	208.5
			Carnian	227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
			Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian	Midian				259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian	Midian				264.28
			Wordian	Urzhumian	Murgabian				266.2 *
			Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian			266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian			270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian			273.01
					Filipovian	Kubergandian			276.5 *
					Filipovian	Bolorian			279.8
					Saraninian				280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
					Irginian				285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian			286
					Burtsevian	Yakhtashian			287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian			290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian			291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian			293.52
					Uskalykian				294.8
					Surenian				297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †				298.9
			Kasimovian			Mapingian †				303.7
			Kasimovian							305.9
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli					Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian				Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian				Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian				Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
			Telychian				Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian				Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Jiangshanian							Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian							Paibian		494
			Paibian							Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
Wuliuan			Wuliuan/Taijangian							Stage 5 †	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	Duyunian									509
Series 2		Stage 3	Nangaoian									514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Meishucunian									521
		Fortunian	Meishucunian									529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian									530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635