PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian Epochs	Permian Subages of Germany
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian			Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian				Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Gashatan							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian						Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites				168.2
		Bajocian							Humphresianum			168.4
		Aalenian						Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense			174.7
								Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons				180.1
								Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum				182
		Pliensbachian						Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni				184.2
		Sinemurian						Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi				192.9
		Hettangian						Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Buntsandstein	251.902
		Wuchiapingian										254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian							Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian								266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
				Filipovian								276.5 *
				Saraninian								280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian								283.5
				Irginian								285.9 *
				Burtsevian								287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian								290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian								291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian								293.52
				Uskalykian								294.8
				Surenian								297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian	393.3
		Pragian			Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian			Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani		433.4
		Telychian			Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian		485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
												538.8