PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Zones	Carboniferous of China	European Faunal Units	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Calabrian										0.774
				Gelasian			MN 17							1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			MN 16		Villanyian	Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
							MN 16		Ruscinian					3.1 *
							MN 15							3.2
				Zanclean			MN 15							3.6
							MN 14							4.2
							MN 13						Baodean	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian			MN 13		Turolian					5.333
				Tortonian			MN 12							7.246
							MN 11							7.75
							MN 10		Vallesian					8.7
							MN 9							9.7
							MN 7 + 8						Tunggurian	11.1
				Serravallian			MN 7 + 8		Astaracian					11.63
				Serravallian			MN 6							12.8 *
				Langhian			MN 5						Shanwangian	13.82
				Burdigalian			MN 4		Orleanian				Shanwangian	15.98
							MN 3		Orleanian				Xiejiaan	16.9
							MN 2		Agenian					20
				Aquitanian			MN 2							20.44
				Aquitanian			MN 1							22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Severodvinian				259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian				264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
					Filipovian			276.5 *
					Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian			300 *
			Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian			303.7
			Kasimovian					Dalaun			305.8 *
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
								Huashibanian			318.5 *
							Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean				Shangsian	330.9
			Visean				Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
			Jiangshanian						489.5
			Paibian						494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
			Drumian							500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4							509
		Series 2	Stage 3							514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
														1400