PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Wanganui	Haweran									0
				Northgrippian															0.0042
				Greenlandian															0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
				Chibanian															0.129
				Chibanian						Castlecliffian									0.34
				Calabrian						Castlecliffian									0.774
				Calabrian						Nukumaruan									1.63
				Gelasian						Nukumaruan									1.8
				Gelasian						Mangapanian									2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian									2.58
				Piacenzian						Waipipian									3
				Zanclean						Waipipian									3.6
				Zanclean						Opoitian									3.7
			Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean									5.333
				Messinian						Tongaporutuan									7.2
				Tortonian						Tongaporutuan									7.246
				Tortonian					Southland	Waiauan									11.04
				Serravallian						Waiauan									11.63
				Serravallian						Lillburnian									13.05
				Langhian						Lillburnian									13.82
										Clifdenian									15.1
									Pareora	Altonian									15.9
				Burdigalian						Altonian									15.98
				Burdigalian						Otaian									18.7
				Aquitanian						Otaian									20.44
				Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian									21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Waitakian									23.03
										Duntroonian									25.2
										Whaingaroan									27.3
				Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
									Arnold	Runangan									34.6
										Kaiatan									36.7
				Bartonian						Kaiatan									37.71
				Bartonian						Bortonian									39.1
				Lutetian						Bortonian									41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan									42.6
										Heretaungan									45.7
				Ypresian						Heretaungan									47.8
										Mangaorapan									48.9
										Waipawan									52
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Teurian									56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian			Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian						Haumurian			Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian						Piripauan									83.6
				Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan									86.1
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
										Mangaotanean									90.5
										Arowhanan									93.7
				Cenomanian						Arowhanan									93.9
									Clarence	Ngaterian									95.2
										Motuan									99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian						Motuan									100.5
										Urutawan									103.3
									Taitai	Korangan									108.4
				Aptian						Korangan									113
				Aptian															117.5
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
			Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Urzhumian		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
			Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
						Filipovian					276.5 *
						Saraninian					280.1 *
						Saraninian		Hessian			281.9 *
			Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
						Irginian					285.9 *
						Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
						Burtsevian					287.8 *
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
			Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
			Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian			293.52
						Uskalykian					294.8
						Surenian					297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
			Kasimovian								303.7
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
			Visean								330.9
			Tournaisian								346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian									Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Harju			Porkuni	443.8
			Katian										Pirgu	445.2
													Vormsi	449.6 *
				Nabala									Johvi †	450 *
				Viru						Rakvere				450.6 *
										Oandu				452 *
			Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
										Haljala				453.9
										Kukruse				456.4 *
										Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku				458.4
										Lasnamagi				458.9 *
										Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland						Kunda				462.9 *
										Kunda			Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian							Volkhov					467.3
			Dapingian							Billingen					469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
										Hunneberg					473.7 *
Tremadocian			477.7							Hunneberg
			Varangu							481.3 *
			Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort										485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000												Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																			1400