PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of North America		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene			0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene			0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene			0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene			1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene		Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian												Late Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean												Early Pliocene		Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian														Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian														Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene		Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene		Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene		Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian														Agenian	20
				Aquitanian														Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene			23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene			27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene			33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene			37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene			41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene			47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene			56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene			59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene			61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
				Wuchiapingian															254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian													256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			Capitanian										259.51
				Wordian		Urzhumian			Wordian										264.28
				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			Roadian										266.9
				Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			Roadian										270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Leonardian	Cathedralian									273.01
						Filipovian													276.5 *
						Saraninian													280.1 *
Hessian						Saraninian	281.9 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
Wolfcampian						Irginian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
						Burtsevian		287.8 *
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
				Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Nealian	293.52
						Uskalykian		294.8
						Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								Batyrbaian	Jiangshanian			489.5
											Aksaian				490.7 *
											Sakian				492.2 *
			Paibian									Paibian			494
			Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Ayusokkanian	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian									Guzhangian			499.5
			Drumian								Zhanaarykian	Drumian			500.5
			Drumian								Tuesaian	Drumian			503
			Wuliuan								Tuesaian	Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
			Wuliuan								505.3	Wuliuan/Taijangian
		Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian	Early Cambrian		509
	Toyonian													510 *
	Botomian													512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3								Nangaoian			514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3								Nangaoian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian								Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2												525.5
		Fortunian												529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																			635