PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Precambrian of Russia	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of the Baltic
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †											2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
			Miocene	Messinian															5.333
				Tortonian															7.246
				Serravallian															11.63
				Langhian															13.82
				Burdigalian															15.98
				Aquitanian															20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
				Bartonian															37.71
				Lutetian															41.2
				Ypresian															47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian															56
				Selandian															59.2
				Danian															61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Lancian/Edmontonian						66
				Campanian									Judithian/Aquilan						72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
				Kimmeridgian															149.2
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Pliensbachian															184.2
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
				Norian															208.5
				Carnian															227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										Vokhmian					247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										Vokhmian					251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian															251.902
				Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian			Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian					Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian		Urzhumian					Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian					Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					266.9
				Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian					Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
						Filipovian													276.5 *
						Saraninian													280.1 *
						Saraninian						Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian													283.5
						Irginian													285.9 *
						Irginian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
						Burtsevian													287.8 *
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian													290.1
				Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian													291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Nealian	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
											Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
												Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †		453
												Haljala			453.9
												Kukruse			456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku			458.4
												Lasnamagi			458.9 *
												Aseri			460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian									Volkhov				467.3
			Dapingian									Billingen				469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian													470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
												Hunneberg				473.7 *
	Tremadocian		477.7									Hunneberg
			Varangu									481.3 *
			Pakerort									482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort									485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian															Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																			1400