PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126929 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of China		Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Ordovician of China			Mesozoic Subages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
				Campanian														Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
				Santonian														Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
				Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
				Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
				Cenomanian														Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														Late Albian		100.5
																		Middle Albian		106.2 *
																		Early Albian		109.9 *
				Aptian														Late Aptian		113
				Aptian														Early Aptian		119.5 *
				Barremian														Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
				Hauterivian														Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
				Valanginian														Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
				Berriasian														Late Berriasian		139.8
																		Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																		Early Berriasian		142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
				Tithonian														Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian														Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
				Kimmeridgian														Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
				Oxfordian														Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
				Oxfordian															Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
				Bathonian														Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
				Bajocian								Epizigzagiceras						Late Bajocian		168.2
												Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Late Bajocian		168.4
												Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
				Aalenian								Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						Late Toarcian		174.7
												Planulata								179.3 *
														Arnioceras arnouldi						179.8 *
																		Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
												Kanense								181.3 *
												Carlottense								182.3 *
												Carlottense						Early Toarcian		182.9 *
												Kunae						Early Toarcian		183.5 *
				Pliensbachian								Kunae						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
												Freboldi								185.1 *
												Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras							186.2 *
													Tetraspidoceras							189.2 *
												Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis							190.3 *
				Sinemurian														Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
												Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras						196.4 *
												Franziceras/Euphyllites								196.5 *
				Hettangian								Franziceras/Euphyllites						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																201.4
				Norian														Sevatian		208.5
																		Alaunian		213.2 *
																		Lacian		216.7 *
				Carnian														Tuvalian		227
				Carnian														Julian		233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														Longobardian		237
				Ladinian														Fassanian		239.7 *
				Anisian														Illyrian		242
																		Pelsonian		243.8 *
																		Bithynian		244.7 *
																		Aegean		245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														Spathian		247.2
				Olenekian														Smithian		248.9 *
				Induan														Dienerian		251.2
				Induan														Griesbachian		251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Buntsandstein		Meishanian									251.902
				Changhsingian							Baoqingian									253.4 *
Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	254.14
				Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
				Laibinian		Vyatkian	257.7 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Severodvinian		Ohre/Aller	Lengwuan	259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian		Leine	Kuhfengian	264.28
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Luodianian	273.01
					Filipovian			276.5 *
					Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Sarginian		Longlinian	285.4 *
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian		Zisongian	293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Gzhelian						300.1
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †				443.8
			Katian						Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †				445.2
			Katian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
			Sandbian						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian						Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian						Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Datsonian				485.4
			Stage 10						Niuchehean		Payntonian				486.8 *
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian		Iverian				489.5
			Paibian						Paibian		Idamean				494
			Paibian						Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	Idamean				494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Mindyallan				497
			Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Boomerangian				499
			Drumian						Drumian		Undillan				500.5
			Drumian						Drumian		Floran				503
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		Templetonian				504.5
	Ordian		Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Ordian	Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian		509
			Stage 4						Duyunian		510.8 *
			Stage 3						Nangaoian		514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian		521
			Fortunian						Meishucunian		529
			Fortunian						Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635