PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Carboniferous Subepochs	Silurian of North America	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of China		European Faunal Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Villanyian	2.58
		Piacenzian											Ruscinian	3.1 *
		Zanclean											Ruscinian	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	5.333
		Tortonian											Turolian	7.246
		Tortonian											Vallesian	8.7
		Serravallian											Astaracian	11.63
		Langhian											Astaracian	13.82
		Burdigalian											Orleanian	15.98
		Burdigalian											Agenian	20
		Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian				66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic				100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
		Wuchiapingian												254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian										256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian										259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian										264.28
		Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian										266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian										273.01
				Filipovian										276.5 *
				Saraninian										280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian										283.5
				Irginian										285.9 *
				Burtsevian										287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian										290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
				Uskalykian	294.8
				Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian			Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				449.5
		Sandbian				Neichianshanian/Hanjiang				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian				470
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian				477.7
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian			Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian								Paibian		494
		Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
		Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Duyunian		509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Nangaoian		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Meishucunian		521
		Fortunian								Meishucunian		529
		Fortunian								Jinnigian		530.7
														538.8