PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of China			Permian Subages of Germany	Silurian of North America		Ordovician of Britain					Devonian of France	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan															Wanganui	Haweran				0
		Northgrippian																				0.0042
		Greenlandian																				0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				0.0117
		Chibanian																				0.129
		Chibanian																Castlecliffian				0.34
		Calabrian																Castlecliffian				0.774
		Calabrian																Nukumaruan				1.63
		Gelasian																Nukumaruan				1.8
		Gelasian																Mangapanian				2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian																Mangapanian				2.58
		Piacenzian																Waipipian				3
		Zanclean																Waipipian				3.6
		Zanclean																Opoitian				3.7
	Miocene	Messinian															Taranaki	Kapitean				5.333
		Messinian																Tongaporutuan				7.2
		Tortonian																Tongaporutuan				7.246
		Tortonian															Southland	Waiauan				11.04
		Serravallian																Waiauan				11.63
		Serravallian																Lillburnian				13.05
		Langhian																Lillburnian				13.82
																		Clifdenian				15.1
																	Pareora	Altonian				15.9
		Burdigalian																Altonian				15.98
		Burdigalian																Otaian				18.7
		Aquitanian																Otaian				20.44
		Aquitanian															Landon	Waitakian				21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Waitakian				23.03
																		Duntroonian				25.2
																		Whaingaroan				27.3
		Rupelian																				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																				33.9
																	Arnold	Runangan				34.6
																		Kaiatan				36.7
		Bartonian																Kaiatan				37.71
		Bartonian																Bortonian				39.1
		Lutetian																Bortonian				41.2
																	Dannevirke	Porangan				42.6
																		Heretaungan				45.7
		Ypresian																Heretaungan				47.8
																		Mangaorapan				48.9
																		Waipawan				52
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Teurian				56
		Selandian																				59.2
		Danian																				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															Mata	Haumurian				66
		Campanian																Haumurian				72.1
		Santonian																Piripauan				83.6
		Santonian															Raukumara	Teratan				86.1
		Coniacian																				86.3
		Turonian																				89.8
																		Mangaotanean				90.5
																		Arowhanan				93.7
		Cenomanian																Arowhanan				93.9
																	Clarence	Ngaterian				95.2
																		Motuan				99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Motuan				100.5
																		Urutawan				103.3
																	Taitai	Korangan				108.4
		Aptian																Korangan				113
		Aptian																				117.5
		Barremian																				121.4
		Hauterivian																				125.77
		Valanginian																				132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
		Wuchiapingian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian		Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Leine	264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
					Filipovian		276.5 *
					Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Irginian		285.9 *
					Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian						Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian									436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Cowleigh Park					439.3 *
							Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †			Ashgill	Hirnantian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian											Rawtheyan	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
														Cautleyan			448.9 *
														Pusgillian			449.3 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang											Pusgillian			449.5
													Caradoc	Streffordian			Onnian †	449.6 *
														Streffordian	Berounian			449.7 *
														Cheneyan				451.5 *
														Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian																453
																	Actonian †	453.2 *
																	Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
																	Longvillian †		455.2 *
																			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
														Aurelucian							456.8 *
																	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
																Liben †	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
															Dobrotivian						458.5 *
						Oretanian									459.7 *
														Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *
															Sarka †					461.7 *
							Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					Sarka †					466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian												Klabava †					467.3
						Arenigian														468
													Arenig	Fennian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian											Fennian						470
														Whitlandian						471.1 *
														Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian			Tremadoc							Migneintian	Tremadocian						477.7
										Lianghekou †			Migneintian							477.9 *
													Cressagian							480.8 *
						485 *
																						485.4