PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous Subepochs	European Faunal Units	Central Paratethys Stages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian						Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean						Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian						Turolian	Pannonian			7.246
				Tortonian						Vallesian	Pannonian			8.7
				Serravallian						Astaracian	Sarmatian			11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian			12.8 *
				Langhian										13.82
				Burdigalian						Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian						Agenian				20
				Aquitanian						Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
				Bartonian										37.71
				Lutetian										41.2
				Ypresian										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian										72.1
				Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
				Aptian										113
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian										139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
				Kimmeridgian										149.2
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Pliensbachian										184.2
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
				Norian										208.5
				Carnian										227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
				Wuchiapingian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian								259.51
				Wordian		Urzhumian								264.28
				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian								266.9
				Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian								270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian								273.01
						Filipovian								276.5 *
						Saraninian								280.1 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian								283.5
						Irginian								285.9 *
						Burtsevian								287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Bolindian	443.8
			Katian						Bolindian	445.2
									Eastonian	449 *
									Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian						Gisbornian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	458.4
			Dapingian						Yapeenian	467.3
			Dapingian						Castlemainian	468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Chewtonian	470
									Bendigonian	471.8 *
									Lancefieldian	473.5 *
			Tremadocian						Lancefieldian	477.7
			Tremadocian						Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Middle Cambrian	497
			Drumian								500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Early Cambrian							509
	Series 2	Stage 3								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400