PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian					MN 17									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					MN 16							Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian					MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean					MN 15									3.6
									MN 14									4.2
									MN 13							Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian					MN 13									5.333
				Tortonian					MN 12									7.246
									MN 11									7.75
									MN 10									8.7
									MN 9									9.7
									MN 7 + 8							Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian					MN 7 + 8									11.63
				Serravallian					MN 6									12.8 *
				Langhian					MN 5							Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian					MN 4							Shanwangian		15.98
									MN 3							Xiejiaan		16.9
									MN 2									20
				Aquitanian					MN 2									20.44
				Aquitanian					MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan						150
												Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian								Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian								Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian								Warepan						208.5
												Otamitan						217
												Oretian						221
Carnian				227								Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	Longtanian †		254.14
					Puruhauan					254.2
					Puruhauan					Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian			Midian		259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian	Wordian	Leine		Flettian					264.28
								Barettian					266
											Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian							266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian							270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian					Cathedralian		Kubergandian	273.01
					Irenian/Ufimian			Mangapirian						276
					Filipovian				276.5 *
					Filipovian				Bolorian				279.8
					Saraninian								280.1 *
					Saraninian						Hessian		281.9 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian								283.5
					Sarginian			Telfordian					285
					Irginian								285.9 *
									Yakhtashian				286
						Wolfcampian					Lenoxian		286.1 *
					Burtsevian								287.8 *
					Burtsevian								288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				Sakmarian				290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				Sakmarian				291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian				Nealian		Asselian		293.52
					Uskalykian								294.8
					Surenian								297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
			Kasimovian										303.7
			Moscovian										307
			Bashkirian										315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
			Visean										330.9
			Tournaisian										346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
			Pragian										407.6
			Lochkovian										410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian										Jaani	433.4
			Telychian										Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian										Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian										Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian										Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian										Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
			Katian											445.2
			Sandbian											453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian											470
Tremadocian		Early Ordovician	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †											497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635