PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127777 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Ordovician of North America						Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Late Pleistocene						0.0117
		Chibanian													Middle Pleistocene						0.129
		Chibanian												Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene						0.34
		Calabrian												Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene						0.774
		Calabrian												Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian												Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian												Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Mangapanian	Late Pliocene						2.58
		Piacenzian												Waipipian	Late Pliocene						3
		Zanclean												Waipipian	Early Pliocene						3.6
		Zanclean												Opoitian	Early Pliocene						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian											Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene						5.333
		Messinian												Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian												Tongaporutuan				Pannonian			7.246
		Tortonian											Southland	Waiauan				Pannonian			11.04
		Serravallian													Middle Miocene			Sarmatian			11.63
																		Badenian			12.8 *
														Lillburnian				Badenian			13.05
		Langhian												Lillburnian							13.82
														Clifdenian							15.1
													Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian												Altonian	Early Miocene						15.98
		Burdigalian												Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian												Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian											Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Waitakian	Late Oligocene						23.03
														Duntroonian							25.2
														Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian													Early Oligocene						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Late Eocene						33.9
													Arnold	Runangan							34.6
														Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian												Kaiatan	Middle Eocene						37.71
		Bartonian												Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian												Bortonian							41.2
													Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
														Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian												Heretaungan	Early Eocene						47.8
														Mangaorapan							48.9
														Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Teurian	Late Paleocene						56
		Selandian													Middle Paleocene						59.2
		Danian													Early Paleocene						61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian												Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian												Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian											Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
														Mangaotanean							90.5
														Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian												Arowhanan							93.9
													Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
														Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Motuan							100.5
														Urutawan							103.3
													Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian												Korangan							113
		Aptian																			117.5
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan	145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan	149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan	150
					Heterian	154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan	164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan	176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan	184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran	188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
		Norian			Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
		Carnian			Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
					Puruhauan	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian	Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian	Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian			266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian			Cathedralian	273.01
					Irenian/Ufimian			Mangapirian		276
					Filipovian					276.5 *
					Saraninian					280.1 *
					Saraninian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
					Sarginian			Telfordian		285
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Irginian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Burtsevian					287.8 *
					Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian				Nealian	293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian							Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian		Pirgu	445.2
										Richmondian		Pirgu	446 *
										Richmondian		Vormsi	449.6 *
										Maysvillian		Vormsi	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Maysvillian		Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
										Edenian		Nabala			450.4 *
										Edenian	Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian							Chatfieldian		Rakvere			451.1 *
												Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian										Keila		Idavere †	453
										Turinian		Keila			453.7 *
												Haljala			453.9
												Kukruse			456.4 *
			Whiterockian									Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Uhaku				458.4
												Lasnamagi				458.9 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
										Rangerian							469.1 *
										Rangerian		Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian							Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
														Latorp †				470.1 *
												Hunneberg						473.7 *
										Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean								477.7
										Stairsian								480.3 *
										Stairsian		Varangu						481.3 *
										Skullrockian		Varangu					Demingian †	482 *
												Pakerort					Demingian †	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Pakerort						Datsonian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
																				486.3 *
								486.5
								Payntonian			486.8 *
								Payntonian			Sunwaptan							487.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian			Sunwaptan							489.5
		Jiangshanian						Iverian			Steptoean							493 *
		Paibian						Idamean			Steptoean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Mindyallan	Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Guzhangian		Boomerangian				499
		Drumian		Undillan				500.5
		Drumian		Floran				503
		Wuliuan		Templetonian	Topazan			504.5
				Templetonian	Delamaran			506.5
				Ordian				507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4		Ordian		Waucoban †		509
								510.8 *
					Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3			Dyeran			514
					Montezuman			514.8 *
					Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
																					538.8