PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	European Faunal Zones	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian				MN 17									1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				MN 16							Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian				MN 15									3.2
				Zanclean				MN 15									3.6
								MN 14									4.2
								MN 13							Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian				MN 13									5.333
				Tortonian				MN 12									7.246
								MN 11									7.75
								MN 10									8.7
								MN 9									9.7
								MN 7 + 8							Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian				MN 7 + 8									11.63
				Serravallian				MN 6									12.8 *
				Langhian				MN 5							Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian				MN 4							Shanwangian		15.98
								MN 3							Xiejiaan		16.9
								MN 2									20
				Aquitanian				MN 2									20.44
				Aquitanian				MN 1									22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
				Bartonian													37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian													56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan						150
											Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian							Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian							Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian							Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian							Warepan						208.5
											Otamitan						217
											Oretian						221
Carnian				227							Oretian
Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
Middle Triassic			Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
Early Triassic			Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Buntsandstein		Dorashamian	251.902
					Waiitian	Meishanian				253.2
						Baoqingian				253.4 *
			Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan						254.2
											Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
						Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	Aparima		Flettian	Midian			259.51
			Wordian	Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	Leine			Flettian				264.28
									Barettian				266
										Murgabian			266.2 *
			Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian							266.9
			Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian							270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Luodianian		Kubergandian		273.01
					Irenian/Ufimian				Mangapirian	276
					Filipovian					276.5 *
					Filipovian			Bolorian		279.8
					Saraninian					280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
									Telfordian	285
						Longlinian				285.4 *
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Irginian			Yakhtashian		286
					Burtsevian					287.8 *
					Burtsevian					288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			Sakmarian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			Sakmarian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Zisongian		Asselian		293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							300.1
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian							346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
			Pragian							407.6
			Lochkovian							410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian							Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani			433.4
			Telychian							Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian							Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian							Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian							Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian							Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
Dapingian		Middle Ordovician	467.3
Early Ordovician		Floian	470
Early Ordovician		Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †										497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																	635