PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of China	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Central Paratethys Stages	Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous Subepochs
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian								Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian								Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian								Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Senonian	66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian		Gallic	100.5
											Middle Albian			106.2 *
											Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian			113
		Aptian									Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Neocomian	125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian			139.8
											Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
											Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian			174.7
											Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
											Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian									Sevatian			208.5
											Alaunian			213.2 *
											Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian			227
		Carnian									Julian			233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian			237
		Ladinian									Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian			242
											Pelsonian			243.8 *
											Bithynian			244.7 *
											Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian									Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan									Dienerian			251.2
			Griesbachian	251.4 *
			Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Kathwai		251.902
						252.4 *
				Chhidru		252.9 *
			Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			254.14
				Kalabagh		255 *
				Wargal		256 *
						Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian				Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Severodvinian				Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian	Urzhumian				Kuhfengian	264.28
								265.3 *
				Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian	Kazanian	Amb		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Luodianian	273.01
				Filipovian				276.5 *
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Sarginian			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			Zisongian	293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
								Dobrotivian				458.5 *
								Oretanian				459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian						Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan				485.4
		Stage 10										Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian										Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian										Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian										Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian				Albertian †	497
		Drumian						Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan					504.5
		Wuliuan						Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran				Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran					511 *
		Stage 3						Dyeran					514
								Montezuman					514.8 *
								Begadean					519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				529
														538.8