PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of the Salt Range	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Lujanian							0.0117
		Chibanian				Lujanian							0.129
		Chibanian				Ensenadan							0.3 *
		Calabrian				Ensenadan							0.774
		Calabrian				Sanandresian	Uquian †						1.7 *
		Gelasian				Sanandresian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Vorohuean							2.58
		Piacenzian				Chapadmalalan							2.9 *
		Zanclean				Chapadmalalan							3.6
						Montehermosan							3.7 *
						Huayquerian							4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
						Chasicoan							7.9 *
						Mayoan							9.9 *
						Laventan							10.9 *
		Serravallian				Laventan							11.63
		Serravallian				Colloncuran							13.7 *
		Langhian				Colloncuran							13.82
		Langhian				Friasian							15.4 *
		Burdigalian				Friasian							15.98
						Santacrucian							16.2 *
						Colhuehuapian							17.4 *
		Aquitanian				Colhuehuapian							20.44
		Aquitanian				Deseadan							20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
		Rupelian				Tinguirirican							28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian				Tinguirirican							33.9
		Priabonian				Divisaderan							35.9 *
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Lutetian				Mustersan							41.9 *
		Ypresian				Mustersan							47.8
		Ypresian				Casamayoran							47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Riochican							56
						Itaboraian							56.9 *
						Peligran							58.9 *
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan							62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	201.4
		Norian	208.5
		Carnian	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
		Induan	251.2
		Induan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Kathwai	Dorashamian	251.902
					252.4 *
			Chhidru		252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru	Dzhulfian	254.14
			Kalabagh		255 *
			Wargal		256 *
					Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian			Midian	259.51
		Wordian		Urzhumian				264.28
								265.3 *
			Amb					266.1 *
							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian	Sokian	Kazanian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Kubergandian	273.01
				Filipovian			Kubergandian	276.5 *
				Filipovian			Bolorian	279.8
				Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
				Irginian				285.9 *
				Irginian			Yakhtashian	286
				Burtsevian			Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	Tastubian			Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian			Asselian	293.52
				Uskalykian				294.8
				Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian				Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
						Dobrotivian					458.5 *
						Oretanian					459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian				Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ungurian		Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian						485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian						489.5
						Aksaian						490.7 *
						Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian						497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian				Zhanaarykian						500.5
		Drumian				Tuesaian						503
		Wuliuan				Tuesaian						504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
						Toyonian						510 *
						Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3			514	Botomian
		Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
													525.5