PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Devonian of France	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
				Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene				0.129
				Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Gelasian										Early Pleistocene				1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene				2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene				5.333
				Tortonian										Late Miocene				7.246
				Serravallian										Middle Miocene				11.63
				Langhian										Middle Miocene				13.82
				Burdigalian										Early Miocene				15.98
				Aquitanian										Early Miocene				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Late Oligocene				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										Late Eocene				33.9
				Bartonian										Middle Eocene				37.71
				Lutetian										Middle Eocene				41.2
				Ypresian										Early Eocene				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian										Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian										Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian										Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
				Kimmeridgian														149.2
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Pliensbachian														184.2
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
				Norian														208.5
				Carnian														227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan														251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Dorashamian											251.902
				Wuchiapingian			Dzhulfian											254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	Dzhulfian											256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian		Severodvinian	Midian											259.51
				Wordian		Urzhumian	Midian											264.28
				Wordian		Urzhumian	Murgabian											266.2 *
				Roadian	Kazanian	Povolzhian												266.9
				Roadian	Kazanian	Sokian												270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian											273.01
						Filipovian	Kubergandian											276.5 *
						Filipovian	Bolorian											279.8
						Saraninian												280.1 *
				Artinskian	Artinskian	Sarginian												283.5
Irginian						285.9 *
Irginian						Yakhtashian	286
Burtsevian						Yakhtashian	287.8 *
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
					Uskalykian		294.8
					Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian	Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko	Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Chotec	Couvinien	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Daleje/Zlichovian		Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Pragian		Siegen	407.6
			Pragian				Pragian	Coblencien	Siegen	408.2 *
			Lochkovian				Lochkovian	Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian									Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Kukruse		456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
												Lasnamagi		458.9 *
												Aseri		460.4 *
											Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian									Volkhov			467.3
			Dapingian									Billingen			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Latorp †													470.1 *
												Hunneberg		473.7 *
			Tremadocian									Hunneberg		477.7
												Varangu		481.3 *
												Pakerort		482.2 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
														Aksaian			490.7 *
														Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian															494
		Paibian														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian												Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian												Mayan/Menevian			500.5
		Wuliuan												Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Amgan/Solvan			509
														Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
														Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3		514										Botomian
		Stage 3		Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian		521
		Stage 2		Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian		Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian													Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau		1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan		1375
																		1400