PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian Epochs	Carboniferous of North America	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Silurian Ages of Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian											72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian											100.5
			Middle Albian											106.2 *
			Early Albian											109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian											113
		Aptian	Early Aptian											119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian											139.8
			Middle Berriasian											140.6 *
			Early Berriasian											142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian										146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian											152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian										157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian											168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian											168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian											174.7
			Middle Toarcian											180.4 *
			Early Toarcian											182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian	Sevatian											208.5
			Alaunian											213.2 *
			Lacian											216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian											227
		Carnian	Julian											233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian											237
		Ladinian	Fassanian											239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian											242
			Pelsonian											243.8 *
			Bithynian											244.7 *
			Aegean											245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian											247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian											248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian											251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian											251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian												254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian												259.51
		Wordian												264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian							264.9 *
		Roadian												266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian							283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian							287.6 *
		Sakmarian												290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian			Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	Dorogomilovian							303.7
					Khamovnikian		304.8
					Krevyakinian		305.8 *
					Krevyakinian	Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
					Podolskian			308.9 *
					Kashirian			311.4 *
					Kashirian	Atokan		312.7 *
					Vereian			313.8
					Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Cheremshanian			316.9 *
					Cheremshanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
					Prikamian			318.6 *
					Severokeltmian			319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
					Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	Zapaltjubian	Late Mississippian	323.2
						Protvian		324.4 *
						Steshevian		326.8 *
						Tarusian		329 *
		Visean				Venevian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
						Mikhailovian		331.9 *
						Aleksinian		333.7 *
				Meramecian	Tulian	335.8 *
				Meramecian	Bobrikian	339.9 *
				Osagean	Bobrikian	343.1 *
					Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian	Early Mississippian	346.7
					Kizelian		350.7 *
				Kinderhookian	Cherepetian		351.9 *
					Karakubian		354.4 *
					Upinian		356.3 *
					Malevkian		357.6 *
					Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian					Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	Bolindian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Cautleyan	Eastonian	449 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc					Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Cheneyan	Gisbornian		452 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn					Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Darriwilian		458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Darriwilian		461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Yapeenian		467.3
			Arenig					Fennian		Yapeenian		468.4 *
										Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian		470
								Whitlandian		Chewtonian		471.1 *
										Bendigonian		471.8 *
										Lancefieldian		473.5 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc					Migneintian				477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
								Cressagian		Warendian		482.8 *
										Warendian		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian			485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
														538.8