PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian				7.246
		Serravallian						Sarmatian				11.63
		Serravallian						Badenian				12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian									100.5
			Middle Albian									106.2 *
			Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian									113
		Aptian	Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian									139.8
			Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
			Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
			Late Kimmeridgian		Kawhia	Ohauan						150
			Early Kimmeridgian			Ohauan						152.2 *
			Early Kimmeridgian			Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian									174.7
			Late Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
			Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
			Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian	Sevatian			Warepan						208.5
			Alaunian									213.2 *
			Lacian									216.7 *
						Otamitan						217
						Oretian						221
		Carnian	Tuvalian			Oretian						227
			Tuvalian		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian									237
			Longobardian			Etalian	238
			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian				242
			Pelsonian				243.8 *
			Bithynian				244.7 *
			Aegean				245.5 *
			Aegean			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian				247.2
			Smithian				248.9 *
			Smithian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
			Griesbachian				251.4 *
			Griesbachian		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian				Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian				Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Flettian	Leine	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian	Leine	266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian				Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian				Mangapirian		283.5
						Telfordian		285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Kosovian				443.8
		Katian		Kralodvorian				Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian					449.7 *
		Sandbian							453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
								Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
				Dobrotivian							458.5 *
				Oretanian							459.7 *
								Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian		Arenigian							468
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Arenigian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Tremadocian							477.7
												485.4