PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian of Czechoslovakia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		Waipipian			3
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian					Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian				Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene		Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
							Clifdenian			15.1
						Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene		Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		Waitakian			23.03
							Duntroonian			25.2
							Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene					33.9
						Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
							Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		Heretaungan			47.8
							Mangaorapan			48.9
							Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene		Teurian			56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	Senonian		66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean			90.5
							Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
							Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian				Motuan	Gallic		100.5
			Late Albian				Urutawan			103.3
			Middle Albian				Urutawan			106.2 *
			Middle Albian			Taitai	Korangan			108.4
			Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian							113
			Late Aptian							117.5
			Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian	121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian					139.8
			Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
			Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian						168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian						174.7
			Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
			Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian	Sevatian						208.5
			Alaunian						213.2 *
			Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian						227
		Carnian	Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian						237
		Ladinian	Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian						242
			Pelsonian						243.8 *
			Bithynian						244.7 *
			Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian						251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian						251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian				393.3
		Pragian			Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran		Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran			511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran			514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
										538.8