PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Cenozoic Subepochs	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian			Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian			Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian			Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian			Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian			Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian			Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian			Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian				100.5
			Middle Albian				106.2 *
			Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian				113
		Aptian	Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian				139.8
			Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
			Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian				174.7
			Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
			Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian	Sevatian				208.5
			Alaunian				213.2 *
			Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian	Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian				242
			Pelsonian			243.8 *
			Bithynian			244.7 *
			Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian			247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian			251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
							443.8