PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian												72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian												100.5
					Middle Albian												106.2 *
					Early Albian												109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian												113
				Aptian	Early Aptian												119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian												139.8
					Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
					Early Berriasian												142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian											146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian												168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian												168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian												174.7
					Middle Toarcian												180.4 *
					Early Toarcian												182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian												184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
				Norian	Sevatian												208.5
					Alaunian												213.2 *
					Lacian												216.7 *
				Carnian	Tuvalian												227
				Carnian	Julian												233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian												237
				Ladinian	Fassanian												239.7 *
				Anisian	Illyrian												242
					Pelsonian												243.8 *
					Bithynian												244.7 *
					Aegean												245.5 *
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian												247.2
				Olenekian	Smithian												248.9 *
				Induan	Dienerian												251.2
				Induan	Griesbachian												251.4 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian				251.902
			Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Dzhulfian				254.14
			Guadalupian	Capitanian									Midian				259.51
				Wordian									Midian				264.28
				Wordian									Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian									Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian				273.01
				Kungurian									Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian									Bolorian				283.5
				Artinskian									Yakhtashian				286
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian									Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian													298.9
				Kasimovian													303.7
Moscovian				307
Bashkirian				315.2
Mississippian			Serpukhovian	323.2
			Visean	330.9
			Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Chotec			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian			393.3
			Pragian	Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian	Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
		Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
			Telychian	Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere		438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian			Bolindian		445.2
						Eastonian		449 *
						Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian			Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian			Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian			Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian			Chewtonian		470
						Bendigonian		471.8 *
						Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian			Lancefieldian		Ungurian	477.7
			Tremadocian			Warendian		Ungurian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †		485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian			489.5
						Aksaian								490.7 *
						Sakian								492.2 *
										Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian								Paibian			494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian			St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
			Guzhangian								Guzhangian			499.5
	Drumian		Zhanaarykian		Drumian	500.5
	Drumian		Tuesaian		Drumian	503
	Wuliuan		Tuesaian		Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Wuliuan				Wuliuan/Taijangian						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4			Caerfai				Duyunian		509
			Toyonian								510 *
			Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian						Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian						Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian						Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian		530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †	Poundian †		Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †	Wonokan †		Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																	1400