PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of China			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units	Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian				Tertiary †	Yushean	2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian						3
		Zanclean							Waipipian						3.6
									Opoitian						3.7
									Opoitian					Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian							Tongaporutuan						7.246
								Southland	Waiauan						11.04
														Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian													11.63
		Serravallian							Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian					Shanwangian	13.82
									Clifdenian						15.1
								Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian													15.98
														Xiejiaan	16.9
									Otaian						18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian						20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian						23.03
									Duntroonian						25.2
									Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
								Arnold	Runangan						34.6
									Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian						41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
									Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan						47.8
									Mangaorapan						48.9
									Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian						56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Mata	Haumurian						66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						Haumurian						72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						Piripauan						83.6
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
									Mangaotanean						90.5
									Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						Arowhanan						93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
									Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian						Motuan						100.5
			Late Albian						Urutawan						103.3
			Middle Albian						Urutawan						106.2 *
			Middle Albian					Taitai	Korangan						108.4
			Early Albian												109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian	113
			Late Aptian		117.5
			Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian		139.8
			Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
			Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian		Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian		Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian				174.7
			Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
			Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian	Sevatian				208.5
			Alaunian				213.2 *
			Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian				227
		Carnian	Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian				237
		Ladinian	Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian				242
			Pelsonian				243.8 *
			Bithynian				244.7 *
			Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian				251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian							264.28
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Pragian							Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli								Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5			Jaagarahu
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani			433.4
		Telychian				Adavere			434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere			438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula			439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			440.8	Raikkula
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou			Wufeng †		443.8
		Katian			Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †		445.2
		Katian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo					458.4
		Darriwilian			Darriwilian	Hunjiang †			Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
		Dapingian			Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian			Xinchangian				Lianghekou †		477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				504.5
															509