PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Ordovician of China			Permian of the Russian Platform			Cambrian of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian										100.5
			Middle Albian										106.2 *
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
		Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
			Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
			Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
			Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
			Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian	Sevatian										208.5
			Alaunian										213.2 *
			Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian										227
		Carnian	Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian										237
		Ladinian	Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian										242
			Pelsonian										243.8 *
			Bithynian										244.7 *
			Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian										251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian										251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
		Wuchiapingian											254.14
		Wuchiapingian						Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian							Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian				266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
									Filipovian				276.5 *
									Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian						Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
									Irginian				285.9 *
									Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian			Tastubian	291.7 *		Sakmarian
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian		Chientangkiangian					Wufeng †	445.2
		Katian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						449.5
		Sandbian		Neichianshanian/Hanjiang						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
		Darriwilian		Darriwilian				Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
		Dapingian		Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Yiyangian						470
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian						477.7
		Tremadocian		Xinchangian					Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10									Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian									Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian									Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian									Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian								Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan								Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan								Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran							514
			Montezuman							514.8 *
			Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
													538.8