PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Senonian					66
		Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
		Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian					Gallic					100.5
			Middle Albian										106.2 *
			Early Albian										109.9 *
		Aptian	Late Aptian										113
		Aptian	Early Aptian										119.5 *
		Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Neocomian					125.77
		Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian	Late Berriasian										139.8
			Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
			Early Berriasian										142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
		Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
		Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
		Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian	Late Bajocian										168.2
		Bajocian	Early Bajocian										168.6 *
		Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian										174.7
			Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
			Early Toarcian										182.9 *
		Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian	Sevatian										208.5
			Alaunian										213.2 *
			Lacian										216.7 *
		Carnian	Tuvalian										227
		Carnian	Julian										233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Longobardian										237
		Ladinian	Fassanian										239.7 *
		Anisian	Illyrian										242
			Pelsonian										243.8 *
			Bithynian										244.7 *
			Aegean										245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Spathian										247.2
		Olenekian	Smithian										248.9 *
		Induan	Dienerian										251.2
		Induan	Griesbachian										251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian								Wordian			264.28
		Roadian								Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian									Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian										Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian										Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian			307							Desmoinesian
		Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
		Visean			Chesterian	330.9
					Meramecian	335.8 *
					Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian		Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
					Middle Famennian				365.3 *
					Early Famennian				368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian		Adorf		372.2
					Middle Frasnian				375.4 *
					Early Frasnian				379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko		Late Givetian		Givetian			382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Chotec		Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Chotec		Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian		Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Pragian	Pragian		Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10							Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian							Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian							Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian							Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Marjumian	Albertian †			497
		Drumian						Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan						Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran					Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
													538.8