PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages	Cambrian of China
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6										0
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian													0.129
				Calabrian													0.774
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Serravallian			Cenozoic 5										11.63
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4										23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3										33.9
				Bartonian			Cenozoic 3										37.71
				Lutetian			Cenozoic 2										41.2
				Ypresian			Cenozoic 2										47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1										56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8										66
				Campanian	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7										72.1
				Santonian	Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6										83.6
				Coniacian	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian	Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian	Late Albian		Cretaceous 4										100.5
					Middle Albian												106.2 *
					Early Albian												109.9 *
				Aptian	Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3										113
				Aptian	Early Aptian		Cretaceous 3										119.5 *
				Barremian	Late Barremian/Early Barremian		Cretaceous 2										121.4
				Hauterivian	Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2										125.77
				Valanginian	Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		Cretaceous 1										132.6
				Berriasian	Late Berriasian												139.8
					Middle Berriasian												140.6 *
					Early Berriasian												142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6										145
				Tithonian	Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6										146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian	Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5										149.2
				Kimmeridgian	Early Kimmeridgian												152.2 *
				Oxfordian	Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											154.8
				Oxfordian		Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian											157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4										165.3
				Bajocian	Late Bajocian												168.2
				Bajocian	Early Bajocian												168.6 *
				Aalenian	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Jurassic 3										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Late Toarcian												174.7
					Middle Toarcian												180.4 *
					Early Toarcian												182.9 *
				Pliensbachian	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2										184.2
				Sinemurian	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Jurassic 1										192.9
				Hettangian	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Jurassic 1										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4										201.4
				Norian	Sevatian												208.5
					Alaunian												213.2 *
					Lacian												216.7 *
				Carnian	Tuvalian		Triassic 3										227
				Carnian	Julian		Triassic 3										233.4 *
Middle Triassic			Ladinian	Longobardian	Triassic 2		237
			Ladinian	Fassanian			239.7 *
			Anisian	Illyrian			242
				Pelsonian			243.8 *
				Bithynian			244.7 *
				Aegean			245.5 *
Early Triassic			Olenekian	Spathian	Triassic 1		247.2
			Olenekian	Smithian			248.9 *
			Induan	Dienerian			251.2
			Induan	Griesbachian			251.4 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Dorashamian	251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian	254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
			Wordian				Midian	264.28
			Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian		Permian 3		Murgabian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2		Kubergandian	273.01
			Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
			Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
			Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
			Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
			Asselian		Permian 1		Asselian	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			298.9
			Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5			303.7
			Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			307
			Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
			Visean		Carboniferous 2			330.9
			Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3			Srbsko	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3			Chotec	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
			Pragian		Devonian 1			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian		Devonian 1			Lochkovian	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			Ohesaare		419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma		421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		423
			Ludfordian					Paadla		423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla		425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula		427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu		429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu		430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani		431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1			Jaani		433.4
			Telychian					Adavere		434 *
			Aeronian			438.5		Adavere
			Aeronian			Raikkula		439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula		440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru		441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5			Bolindian		443.8
			Katian					Bolindian		445.2
								Eastonian		449 *
								Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian		Ordovician 4			Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3			Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian		Ordovician 2			Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian		470
								Bendigonian		471.8 *
								Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian		Ordovician 1			Warendian		482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	Niuchehean		489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	Jiangshanian		489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian		493.1 *
			Paibian									Paibian		494
			Paibian									Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4					St Davids		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
			Drumian		Cambrian 4							Drumian	Wangcunian †	500.5
			Wuliuan		Cambrian 3							Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3					Caerfai		Duyunian		509
Stage 3		Series 2	Cambrian 2	Nangaoian	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	Cambrian 2	Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1	Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian †		Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran										Vendian †		Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan								1375
																	1400