PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Late Pleistocene	0.0117
				Chibanian											Middle Pleistocene	0.129
				Calabrian											Early Pleistocene	0.774
				Gelasian											Early Pleistocene	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							Late Pliocene	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean											Early Pliocene	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Late Miocene	5.333
				Tortonian											Late Miocene	7.246
				Serravallian											Middle Miocene	11.63
				Langhian											Middle Miocene	13.82
				Burdigalian											Early Miocene	15.98
				Aquitanian											Early Miocene	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	Early Oligocene	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene	33.9
				Bartonian									Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene	37.71
				Lutetian											Middle Eocene	41.2
				Ypresian										Bumbanian	Early Eocene	47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Gashatan		Late Paleocene	56
				Selandian											Middle Paleocene	59.2
				Danian											Early Paleocene	61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
				Kimmeridgian												149.2
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras											168.2
				Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense											168.4
				Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta											174.7
					Planulata											179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi									179.8 *
					Kanense											181.3 *
					Carlottense											182.3 *
					Kunae											183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Kunae											184.2
					Freboldi											185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras										186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras										189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis										190.3 *
				Sinemurian												192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras									196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites											196.5 *
				Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
				Norian												208.5
				Carnian												227
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
			Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
			Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
			Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												251.902
Wuchiapingian			Lopingian	Longtanian †					Zechstein	254.14
Guadalupian			Capitanian						Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian							264.28
			Roadian							266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian								307
			Bashkirian								315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Emsian	393.3
			Pragian							Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian							Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
											Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
											Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian								Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian										425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
										Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
												Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian									Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian									Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian									Jaani	433.4
												Adavere	434 *
													436.3 *
			Aeronian										438.5
										Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
												Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian									Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian									Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
			Jiangshanian		489.5
			Paibian		494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	497
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan	Stage 5 †		504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			509
		Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †						Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian †						Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635