PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Calabrian														0.774
				Gelasian														1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Zanclean												Yushean		3.6
				Zanclean												Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian														5.333
				Tortonian														7.246
				Tortonian												Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian												Tunggurian		11.63
				Langhian												Shanwangian		13.82
				Burdigalian												Shanwangian		15.98
				Burdigalian												Xiejiaan		16.9
				Aquitanian												Xiejiaan		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
				Bartonian														37.71
				Lutetian														41.2
				Ypresian														47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian														56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
				Campanian														72.1
				Santonian														83.6
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
				Cenomanian														93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
				Aptian														113
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
				Berriasian														139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan						150
												Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian								Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian	Epizigzagiceras													168.2
				Bajocian	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense													168.4
				Aalenian	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta													174.7
					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						Herangi	Ururoan						176
					Planulata													179.3 *
					Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi											179.8 *
					Kanense													181.3 *
					Carlottense													182.3 *
					Kunae													183.5 *
				Pliensbachian	Kunae													184.2
					Freboldi													185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras												186.2 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi							Aratauran						188.9
																		189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis												190.3 *
				Sinemurian														192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras											196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites													196.5 *
				Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites													199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian					Warepan	208.5
								Otamitan	217
								Oretian	221
			Carnian					Oretian	227
			Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian					Etalian	238
			Anisian					Etalian	242
			Anisian					Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian					Nelsonian	249
			Induan					Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian					Waiitian		Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian					Waiitian		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
			Wuchiapingian					Puruhauan		Zechstein	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Midian		259.51
			Wordian					Leine		Flettian			264.28
										Barettian			266
											Murgabian		266.2 *
			Roadian								Murgabian		266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian		273.01
										Mangapirian	Kubergandian		276
											Bolorian		279.8
			Artinskian				Autunian						283.5
										Telfordian			285
										Telfordian	Yakhtashian		286
											Yakhtashian		288.5
			Sakmarian								Sakmarian		290.1
			Asselian								Asselian		293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
			Kasimovian										303.7
			Moscovian										307
			Bashkirian										315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian										323.2
			Visean										330.9
			Tournaisian										346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
			Pragian										407.6
			Lochkovian										410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli											Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli											Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian										Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian										Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian										Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian										Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian										Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian										Jaani	433.4
			Telychian										Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian										Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian										Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian										Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian										Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
			Katian			445.2
			Sandbian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
			Jiangshanian	489.5
			Paibian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian		Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian			500.5
			Wuliuan			Stage 5 †						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Branchian								509
			Stage 3	Branchian								514
			Stage 3	Placentian								517.1
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																		635